Literature
- Nesis, K.N. 1987. Cephalopods of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Ltd.
- Pfeffer, G. 1912. Die Cephalopoden der Plankton-Expedition. Ergeb. Plankton-Exped. Humboldt-Stiftung., 2: 1-815 & Atlas.
- Seaward, D.R. 1990. Distribution of the marine molluscs of north west Europe. Nature Conservancy Council.