Literature
- Nesis, K.N. 1987. Cephalopods of the world. T.F.H. Publications, Inc., Ltd.
- Seaward, D.R. 1990. Distribution of the marine molluscs of north west Europe. Nature Conservancy Council.
- Voss, N.A. 1980. A generic revision of the family Cranchiidae. Bulletin of Marine Science, 30(2): 365-412.